Electricity & Magnetism

Electrostatics, current electricity, magnetic fields, Lorentz force, and electromagnetic induction.

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Electrostatics

  • Coulomb's law: F = k q₁q₂ / r².
  • Electric field E = F/q; for point charge E = kq/r².
  • Potential V = kq/r; E = −∇V.
  • Capacitance C = Q/V; energy = ½CV².

F = k q₁q₂/r²

E = kq/r²

C = Q/V

U = ½CV²

Current Electricity & RC

  • Ohm's law: V = IR; power P = IV = I²R.
  • Kirchhoff: ΣV = 0 (loop), ΣI = 0 (junction).
  • RC charging: V = V₀(1 − e^{−t/RC}); τ = RC.

V = IR

P = I²R

V_C = V₀(1 − e^{−t/RC})

Magnetism & Induction

  • Lorentz force: F = q(v × B); circular motion r = mv/(|q|B).
  • Faraday: ε = −dΦ_B/dt; Lenz's law gives direction.
  • Transformers: V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p (ideal).

F = q v B sinθ

r = mv/(|q|B)

ε = −dΦ/dt

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